Which route of administration includes techniques like intravenous and intramuscular?

The route of administration that includes techniques like intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) is parenteral. Parenteral administration involves delivering medication directly into the body, bypassing the digestive system. This route is often used for medications that require rapid absorption or that would be destroyed by the gastrointestinal tract.

Intravenous administration allows for immediate effects as the medication is delivered directly into the bloodstream, which is crucial in emergency situations or for treatments that require precise control over drug levels. Intramuscular injections administer medication deep into the muscle tissue, leading to faster absorption than oral routes but slower than IV administration.

In contrast, enteral administration refers to methods that involve the gastrointestinal tract, such as oral or rectal routes, and does not include IV or IM techniques. Topical and transdermal routes are intended for medications applied to or absorbed through the skin. Topical typically affects only the site of application, while transdermal routes deliver medication over a sustained period through skin absorption into the systemic circulation.

Therefore, parenteral stands out as the correct choice for routes that encompass IV and IM techniques, being essential for various medical treatments that require immediate and effective medication delivery.